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CourseNotes/TerminalWindow.ipynb

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+    "tt When developing programs in Linux it is easier to use the Terminal\n",
+    "window rather than windows interface, to do this either:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1.  click on the Terminal icon in the lower menu-bar, or,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2.  from the Menu select the Terminal icon from the left hand column of\n",
+    "    icons.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "This will create a Terminal or Command Line window into which you can\n",
+    "type commands.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "webonly\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Old fashioned This looks like a very *old-fashioned* way to use a\n",
+    "computer, but it gives you an easier interface and by typing commands to\n",
+    "get to understand what you are *really* doing.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Almost all programmers use the simple command interface, it is therefore\n",
+    "worth doing and the best place for novice programmers to start. It is\n",
+    "also the basis of the Jupyter-Notebook environment which is based on\n",
+    "command lines,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Programmer is large scale projets frequenctly use an Indegrated\n",
+    "Development Environment (IDE) for example PyCharm or Eclipse. These give\n",
+    "an windows programming environment with integrated editor, debugger,\n",
+    "code checker and code version management system. There are useful, but\n",
+    "there is a signifiacnt overhead in learning to use the IDE which for\n",
+    "novice programmers obscures the actually programming task so in this\n",
+    "course we shall use:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The Linux file system is a *tree* as shown below:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "It is divided into two parts, the *system* under the node and the *user*\n",
+    "files under the node.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "hone Under you each have directory (or folder) called\n",
+    "\n",
+    "/Home/s\\<yyxxxxx>\n",
+    "\n",
+    "where is your username. This is your directory and where you start when\n",
+    "you start the file browser or create a Terminal.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "All files in your directory and in the tree below belong to you, you can\n",
+    "create, move, copy and delete files as you wish. They are private to you\n",
+    "so cannot be read or modified by other users.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "webonly\n",
+    "\n",
+    "You can navigate your part of the file system starting from your\n",
+    "directory with the file browser as on any windows interface, but you\n",
+    "will need to so this from the Terminal Window.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Here the important commands are:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will shown the *<u>p</u>resent <u>w</u>orking\n",
+    "    <u>d</u>irectory*, so the directory that the Terminal Window is\n",
+    "    looking at.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will *<u>l</u>i<u>s</u>t* the files in the *present\n",
+    "    working director*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    more information The command $\\hookleftarrow$ will give you a *long\n",
+    "    list* with more details about each file.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ which will *<u>c</u>hange <u>d</u>irectory* into\n",
+    "    the new directory .\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will *move up* to the directory above. \n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will create a *<u>m</u>a<u>k</u>e a\n",
+    "    <u>directory</u>* with the specified name.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "You should *play* wth these commands and make youself a sensible\n",
+    "directory structure and ensure you can *move about* in in without\n",
+    "getting lost.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Remember to type $\\hookleftarrow$ (the return key) after every command\n",
+    "to execte it.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Once you have started create file there are also a range of useful\n",
+    "commands to manipulate files, these are\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will type the contents of the file to the screen\n",
+    "    *screen at a time*, press for the next screen, to *quit*.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will make a *<u>c</u>o<u>p</u>y* od called\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will *<u>m</u>o<u>v</u>e* to , so it does a\n",
+    "    *rename*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   $\\hookleftarrow$ will *<u>r</u>e<u>m</u>ove* or *delete* .\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    **Note:** if you , is *really gone*, there is no safety *Trash\n",
+    "    Basket* that you can fish your mistakes out-off, so *be careful!*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "webonly\n",
+    "\n",
+    "terse and obscure Yes Terminal commands are terse and obscure, but once\n",
+    "you have learnt them it is the fastest way to access your computer…you\n",
+    "are really learning a scripting language and once you do this you will\n",
+    "see the benefit.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "This is the way that progarmmers *actually* use their machines!\n",
+    "\n",
+    "To delete a files in a Windows system you have to\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1.  find the file(s) in the window,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2.  click on them and drag it to the *Trash Basket*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3.  empty the *Teash basket*…,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "In the Terminal your type and it is *gone* and *really gone*.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The process you will follow to develop your  programs is:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   Write the  code is a text editor, here we will use `emacs`,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   save the  code to a file,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   run the  code from the command line,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   update code in the editor as require and re-save,\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   re-run from the command line\n",
+    "\n",
+    "To edit the file you type in the Terminal Window\n",
+    "\n",
+    "emacs MyProgram.py &\n",
+    "\n",
+    "followed the Return, the $\\hookleftarrow$ key.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "1.  The filename *must* have a extension, this tells the system and the\n",
+    "    editor that is contains  code.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "2.  If the file exits, it will be edited, if not a new blank file will\n",
+    "    be created.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "3.  The is *essential*, it means run the editor in a new separate window\n",
+    "    in the *background* so you can type additional commands to the\n",
+    "    Terminal Window\n",
+    "\n",
+    "4.  Note the command will *not* be executed intil you type Return\n",
+    "\n",
+    "To run the  program you type in the Terminal Window:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "python3 MyProgram.py\n",
+    "\n",
+    "again followed by Return, the $\\hookleftarrow$ key.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "This will run the program, it will prompt you for any input you have\n",
+    "asked for via the calls in , display any output from statements, and\n",
+    "also from the *Traceback* if your program crashed, see\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   Download the programs from\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   run the program with $\\hookleftarrow$\n",
+    "\n",
+    "-   Edit the program and *personalise it* by making in your name. (You\n",
+    "    should be able to guess what to edit).\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Well done, you have just written you *first*  program!!\n",
+    "\n",
+    "save Remember when you re-edit the file (to fix a bug!) you **MUST** do\n",
+    "a *Save Buffer* in to save the new version to disc before you try and\n",
+    "re-run the program."
+   ]
+  }
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