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"On my arrival after Christmas, Irene expressed anger at me in a laughing\n",
"\n",
"way for having been away. Then she moved from a seat in the corner of\n",
"\n",
"the room to a chair behind me at the coffee table. I moved to allow her\n",
"\n",
"to move up to the table, but she did not. After coffee Irene nonverbally\n",
"\n",
"with eyes and body movements told me to follow her. She led me into a\n",
"\n",
"small beauty parlor room and we both sat down. She closed her eyes. I\n",
"\n",
"said, \"You seem to have some feelings about us all having been away.\"\n",
"\n",
"First she blurted, \"I missed you,\" then in a quieter voice denied this,\n",
"\n",
"\"It wasn't important that you weren't here.\" I said, \"It could be\n",
"\n",
"helpful to you to talk about your present missing feelings as you had\n",
"\n",
"some very important losses of people when you were younger.\" Her eyes\n",
"\n",
"literally popped open and she again blurted, \"You mean my parents?\" I\n",
"\n",
"said, \"Yes and your therapist could help you with this.\" I then asked if\n",
"\n",
"she ever had the opportunity to talk with anyone about such things. She\n",
"\n",
"replied, \"No, well I had a social worker when I was a little girl.\" I\n",
"\n",
"tried at this point to transfer feelings of the past to the present.\n",
"\n",
"\"Oh, for how long? What was she like?\" \"I don't remember,\" and Irene\n",
"\n",
"closed her eyes. In a few minutes Irene requested that I set her hair.\n",
"\n",
"She is capable of doing this herself. I set her hair, but discussed the\n",
"\n",
"question of what she was really asking for. I believe she was asking for\n",
"\n",
"concrete attention to test my ability to care for her. I was trying to\n",
"\n",
"say, concretely, by setting her hair, that people could care about her.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" 9. I encouraged patients' expression to come to understand\n",
"\n",
" better their behavioral messages to enable me to respond\n",
"\n",
" overtly as appropriately and therapeutically as possible.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"_Example_\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"The previous time I was at the hospital Alice had not come to the unit.\n",
"\n",
"I was told that she felt too depressed to come down. I went to see her.\n",
"\n",
"She had looked surprised and impressed by my visit. She talked on at\n",
"\n",
"some length about her suicidal thoughts. I supported this on the basis\n",
"\n",
"that {118} verbal expression might make active expression unnecessary\n",
"\n",
"if she experienced empathy regarding how dreadful she felt. Then with\n",
"\n",
"little encouragement she had come down to the unit with me. Today, Alice\n",
"\n",
"was always near me, but nonverbal except for concise responses to\n",
"\n",
"questions that were offered with effort. I verbalized my reflections on\n",
"\n",
"her behavior and said that I was wondering about it. She said, \"I like\n",
"\n",
"having you around; it takes me away from my thoughts.\" \"How are your\n",
"\n",
"thoughts?\" \"The same, I wonder if I'll ever get better?\" \"You've gotten\n",
"\n",
"better before. I wonder if you're not more concerned about whether you\n",
"\n",
"can stay well.\" Alice, eyes watery, agreed with a nod. Irene, another\n",
"\n",
"patient, interrupted, \"Don't expect too much from me, I've been here\n",
"\n",
"twelve years.\" I responded to them both, \"But, I do expect a lot of you;\n",
"\n",
"things don't always have to be the same.\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" 10. I verified my intuitive grasp of how patients were\n",
"\n",
" experiencing events by questions and comments, and being alert\n",
"\n",
" to their responses.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"_Example_\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Vincent's ritualistic behavior is associated in my mind with his\n",
"\n",
"exaggerated conscious expression of only the true, the good, and the\n",
"\n",
"beautiful. On this occasion we had just had a long talk about his\n",
"\n",
"weekend at home, his concerns about his family, and his food likes and\n",
"\n",
"dislikes. As we left a room he took his usual long step over the\n",
"\n",
"threshold. I noted this aloud and asked him if he knew why he did this.\n",
"\n",
"His expression became wide-eyed and smiling which indicates to me he\n",
"\n",
"consciously or unconsciously is selecting what he is going to say. We\n",
"\n",
"came to the next threshold. He stopped me by touching my arm and said,\n",
"\n",
"\"Josephine, I almost grabbed you to prevent your bumping into that\n",
"\n",
"patient.\" In relation to my last question I focused on the \"grabbed you\"\n",
"\n",
"and said, \"Vincent, to think about grabbing me is a pretty natural\n",
"\n",
"thought, and no reason to take a wide step over a threshold.\" He put his\n",
"\n",
"foot very deliberately if rather testily, right in the middle of this\n",
"\n",
"threshold. He stopped, looked at me with his hands together and giggled.\n",
"\n",
"Then he had to go to the bathroom.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" 11. I attempted to encourage hope realistically through\n",
"\n",
" discussing individual therapeutic gains that could be derived\n",
"\n",
" from patients' investment in therapeutic opportunities\n",
"\n",
" available to them.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"_Example_\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"My impression of Arthur, a thirty-two year old, is that he works at\n",
"\n",
"responding to me agreeably as he thinks I want him to, he frequently\n",
"\n",
"goes out of his way to make cutting comments to me about middle-aged men\n",
"\n",
"patients, and he responds with anger or teasing to a female patient his\n",
"\n",
"age. Arthur has a mother, father, and two older sisters. He obviously\n",
"\n",
"let me win at Ping-pong several times. I discussed this with him and\n",
"\n",
"asked if {119} he had ever talked with anyone about his responses to\n",
"\n",
"older women, people in general, or if he understood them. He said, \"No,\n",
"\n",
"I have not been able to exactly figure this out yet.\" I repeated the\n",
"\n",
"talking it over. He said, \"I haven't had much chance for that.\" Then\n",
"\n",
"staring at me he asked seriously, \"Do you think talking it over would\n",
"\n",
"help?\" I said, \"I think that it would take a great deal of effort on\n",
"\n",
"your part, but I believe that it could help.\"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" 12. I supported appropriate patient self-images with as many\n",
"\n",
" concrete \"hard to denies\" as possible.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"_Example_\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Alice, a middle-aged woman, in the midst of a discussion of the\n",
"\n",
"difficulties of living outside the hospital, past relationships with\n",
"\n",
"nursing personnel, and her past practical nurse jobs suddenly said, \"I\n",
"\n",
"worry about being sexually OK.\" This was kind of blurted out and she\n",
"\n",
"observed me closely. I said, \"I thought that you had some concerns about\n",
"\n",
"this in relation to how you responded to my cutting the hairs on your\n",
"\n",
"face. I guess everyone worries at times about their adequacy in this\n",
"\n",
"area.\" She said, \"I've never been able to have intercourse; I can just\n",
"\n",
"go as far as heavy petting. People say you can get a lot expressed if\n",
"\n",
"you have intercourse.\" I said, \"Some people can, but if you have other\n",
"\n",
"standards that you've grown up with, (I suspect a rather religious,\n",
"\n",
"rigid Jewish background) it might cause difficulties to go against those\n",
"\n",
"standards.\" (Alice first became ill at sixteen, left school, and had\n",
"\n",
"some treatment in the community.) \"It's pretty responsible not to be\n",
"\n",
"willing to bring a fatherless baby into the world, and I'm sure you'd\n",
"\n",
"have feelings about how your family might have responded to this sort of\n",
"\n",
"thing.\" Alice nodded and said \"It's just that I don't know how womanly I\n",
"\n",
"am.\" I said with gestures and emphatically, \"Well, Alice, if you have\n",
"\n",
"two things up here and no thing down here, then the fact is that you are\n",
"\n",
"a woman.\" Discussion pursued about her further talking about this topic\n",
"\n",
"with her therapist and the value of her working through her feelings in\n",
"\n",
"this area. This was a lengthy discussion and the first talking I had\n",
"\n",
"experienced Alice doing since her depression. {120} {121}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
" GLOSSARY\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~angular view.~ An individual's unique vision of reality necessarily\n",
"\n",
"restricted by the angle of his particular here and now.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~authenticity.~ Genuineness; congruence with the self.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~(the) between.~ The realm of the intersubjective.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~bracket.~ Hold in abeyance.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~community.~ Two or more persons struggling together toward a center.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~existential.~ Of, relating to, or affirming existence; grounded in\n",
"\n",
"existence or the experience of living.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~existential dialogue.~ A unique individual person with the wholeness of\n",
"\n",
"his being is present, open to, and relates to the other seen in his\n",
"\n",
"unique individual wholeness; an exchange in which two persons transcend\n",
"\n",
"themselves and participate in the other's being; an interior\n",
"\n",
"unification; a mutual common union in being.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~existential experience.~ Contact with reality with the whole of one's\n",
"\n",
"being; involves all that a man _is_ as opposed to experiencing through\n",
"\n",
"one or several faculties.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~existentialism.~ Philosophy based on phenomenological studies of\n",
"\n",
"reality; centers on the analysis of existence particularly of the\n",
"\n",
"individual human being, stresses the freedom and responsibility of the\n",
"\n",
"individual, regards human existence as not completely describable or\n",
"\n",
"understandable in idealistic or scientific terms.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~here and now.~ An individual's unique experience of his present spatial\n",
"\n",
"and temporal reality including his past experiences and expectations of\n",
"\n",
"the future.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~humanistic nursing.~ A theory and practice that rest on an existential\n",
"\n",
"philosophy, value experiencing and the evolving of the \"new,\" and aim at\n",
"\n",
"phenomenological description of the art-science of nursing viewed as a\n",
"\n",
"lived intersubjective transactional experience; nursing seen within its\n",
"\n",
"human context.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~intersubjective.~ Pertaining to two or more human persons and their\n",
"\n",
"shared between; a relationship of two or more human beings in which each\n",
"\n",
"is the originator of human acts and responses. {122}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~lived dialogue.~ A form of existential intersubjective relating\n",
"\n",
"expressed in being with and doing with the other who is regarded as a\n",
"\n",
"presence (as opposed to an object); a lived call and response.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~lived world.~ The everyday world as it is experienced in the here and\n",
"\n",
"now.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~metanursing.~ A discipline designed to deal critically with nursing,\n",
"\n",
"ontological study of nursing; study of the phenomenon of nursing; a\n",
"\n",
"critical study of nursing within its human context.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~metatheoretical.~ Transcending theory; ontological inquiry from which\n",
"\n",
"theory may be derived.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~nursology.~ Study of the phenomenon of nursing aimed toward the\n",
"\n",
"development of nursing theory.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~phenomenology.~ The descriptive study of phenomena.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~phenomenon.~ An observable fact, event, occurrence or circumstance; an\n",
"\n",
"appearance or immediate object of awareness in experience. A phenomenon\n",
"\n",
"may be objective (that is, external to the person aware of it) or\n",
"\n",
"subjective (for example, a thought or feeling).\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~prereflective experience.~ Primary awareness or perception of reality\n",
"\n",
"not yet thought about; spontaneous experience; immediate experience or\n",
"\n",
"perception.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~presence.~ A mode of being available or open in a situation with the\n",
"\n",
"wholeness of one's unique individual being; a gift of the self which can\n",
"\n",
"only be given freely, invoked, or evoked.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"~transactional.~ An aware knowing of one's effect in a situation of\n",
"\n",
"which one is a part; an action that goes both ways between persons.\n",
"\n",
"{123}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"In addition to the extensive discussions that have been generated since\n",
"\n",
"the initial publication of Paterson and Zderad's _Humanistic Nursing_,\n",
"\n",
"the work has been formally cited and or discussed in the nursing\n",
"\n",
"literature. This selected bibliography was compiled by Helen Streubert,\n",
"\n",
"MSN, RN doctoral candidate and research assistant in the Department of\n",
"\n",
"Nursing Education, Teachers College/Columbia University, New York.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"BOOKS\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Chenitz, W. C. (1986). _From practice to grounded theory._ Menlo Park,\n",
"\n",
"California: Addison-Wesley.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Chinn, P. O., & Jacobs, M. K. (1983). _Theory and nursing._ St. Louis:\n",
"\n",
"Mosby Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Duldt, B. W. (1985). _Theoretical perspectives for nursing._ Boston:\n",
"\n",
"Little-Brown & Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Ellis, R. (1984). Philosophic inquiry. In H. H. Werley & J. J.\n",
"\n",
"Fitzpatrick (Eds.), _Annual review of nursing research_ (pp. 211-228).\n",
"\n",
"New York: Springer Publishing Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Fitzpatrick, J., & Whall, A. (1983). _Conceptual models of nursing:\n",
"\n",
"Analysis application._ Bowie, Maryland: Brady Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Kleiman, S. (1986). Humanistic nursing: The phenomenological theory of\n",
"\n",
"Paterson and Zderad. In P. Winstead-Fry (Ed.), _Case studies in nursing\n",
"\n",
"theory_ (pp. 167-195). New York: National League for Nursing.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Leininger, M. (1985). Ethnography and ethnonursing models and modes of\n",
"\n",
"qualitative data analysis. In M. Leininger (Ed.), _Qualitative research\n",
"\n",
"methods in nursing_. Orlando, Florida: Grune & Stratton.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Meleis, A. I. (1985). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress.\n",
"\n",
"Philadelphia: Lippincott. {124}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Moccia, P. (Ed.). (1986). _New approaches to theory development._ New\n",
"\n",
"York: National League for Nursing.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Munhall, P. L., & Oiler, C. J. (1986), _Nursing research: A qualitative\n",
"\n",
"perspective_. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton-Century-Crofts.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Paterson, J. G. (1978). The tortuous way toward nursing theory. In\n",
"\n",
"_Theory development: What, why, how?_ (pp. 49-65). New York: National\n",
"\n",
"League for Nursing.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Phipps, W. J., Long, B. C., & Woods, N. F. (1987). _Medical-surgical\n",
"\n",
"nursing: Concepts and clinical practice_ (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby\n",
"\n",
"Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Roy, C. (1984). _Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model_ (2nd\n",
"\n",
"ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Stevens, B. J. (1984). _Nursing theory: Analysis, application,\n",
"\n",
"evaluation_ (2nd ed.). Boston: Little Brown Co.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Suppe, F., & Jacox, A. (1985). Philosophy of science and the development\n",
"\n",
"of nursing theory. In H. H. Werley & J. J. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), _Annual\n",
"\n",
"review of nursing research_ (pp. 241-267). New York: Springer Publishing\n",
"\n",
"Company.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Zderad, L. T. (1978). From here-and-now to theory: Reflections on \"how\".\n",
"\n",
"In _Theory development: What, why, how (pp. 35-48). New York: National\n",
"\n",
"League for Nursing_.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"ARTICLES\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Bael, E. D., & Lowry, B. J. (1987). Patient and situational factors that\n",
"\n",
"affect nursing students' like or dislike of caring for patient. _Nursing\n",
"\n",
"Research, 36_ (5), 298-302.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Beckstrand, J. (1980). A critique of several conceptions of practice\n",
"\n",
"theory in nursing. _Research in Nursing and Health, 3_, 69-79.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Bottorff, J. L., & D'cruz, J. V. (1984). Towards inclusive notions of\n",
"\n",
"patient and nurse. _Journal of Advanced Nursing, 9_ (6), 549-553.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Braun J. L., Baines, S. L., Olson, N. G., & Scruby, L. S. (1984).\n",
"\n",
"_Health Values, 8_ (3), 12-15.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Brown, L. (1986). The experience of care: Patient perspectives. _Topics\n",
"\n",
"in Clinical Nursing, 8_ (2), 56-62.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Chenitz, W. C., & Swanson, J. M. (1984). Surfacing nursing process--A\n",
"\n",
"method for generating nursing theory from practice. _Journal of Advanced\n",
"\n",
"Nursing, 9_ (2), 205-215.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Drew, N. (1986). Exclusion and confirmation: A phenomenology of\n",
"\n",
"patients' experiences with caregivers. _Image, 18_ (2), 39-43.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Flaskerud, J. H. (1986). On toward a theory of nursing action skills and\n",
"\n",
"competency in nurse-patient interaction. _Nursing Research, 35_ (4),\n",
"\n",
"250-252. {125}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"King, E. C. (1984). Humanistic education: Theory and teaching\n",
"\n",
"strategies. _Nurse Education 8_ (4), 39-42.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Nahon, N. E. (1982). The relationship of self-disclosure, interpersonal\n",
"\n",
"dependency, and life changes to loneliness in young adults. _Nursing\n",
"\n",
"Research, 31_ (6), 343-347.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Oiler, C. (1982). The phenomenological approach in nursing research.\n",
"\n",
"_Nursing Research, 31_ (3) 178-181.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Rigdon, I. S., Clayton, B. C., & Dimond, M. (1987). Toward a theory of\n",
"\n",
"helpfulness for the elderly bereaved: An invitation to a new life.\n",
"\n",
"_Advances in Nursing Science, 9_ (2), 32-43.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Sarter, B. (1987). Evolutionary idealism: A philosophical foundation for\n",
"\n",
"holistic nursing theory. _Advances in Nursing Science, 9_ (2), 1-9.\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Taylor, S. G. (1985). Rights and responsibilities: Nurse patient\n",
"\n",
"relationships. _Image, 17_ (1), 9-16. {126} {127}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"INDEX\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Abdellah, Faye G., 90\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Agee, James, 8, 67\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"All-at-once, 4, 8, 44, 52, 55, 56, 68, 70, 73, 93, 96, 109-111\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Analogy, 37, 54, 61, 83\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Analysis, 72, 79, 82-84\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Angular view, 5, 20, 37-38, 51, 65-67, 71, 74, 80-82, 84, 88, 95-98, 111\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Art, 3, 7-8, 14, 17, 58, 60, 85-93, 111\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Authenticity, 4-5, 14-15, 55, 56-60, 63, 104, 106, 111\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Being and doing, 13-14, 17, 19, 26, 92\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Bergson, Henri, 6, 68, 71, 72, 73, 104\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Between, (the), 4, 7, 13, 21-22, 31, 44, 67, 82, 108.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Dialogue; Intersubjective; Presence; and Transaction\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Bracket, 38, 62, 80\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Buber, Martin, 4, 6, 16, 23, 39, 44, 45, 47, 55, 69, 72, 73, 93, 104,\n",
"\n",
" 106, 110\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Call and Response, 3, 5, 7, 24, 29-31\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Choice, 4-6, 15-17, 20, 24, 37, 57, 69, 72.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Confidentiality; Responsibility\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Christoffers, Carol Ann, 89\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Clinical, 65, 67, 92-93, 96, 103-109\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Comfort, 65, 96, 98-103, 106, 111-112\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Community, 7, 14, 37-48, 63, 84\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Complementary synthesis, 3, 8, 36, 68, 73-74, 111.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Synthesis\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Confidentiality, 53-56.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Choice; Responsibility\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Cousins, Norman, 39, 47, 104\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Cross-clinical, 20\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard, 6, 39, 41, 104\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Desan, Wilfrid, 16, 39, 73, 74, 108\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Description, _see_ Phenomenological description\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Dewey, John, 72, 104\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Dialogue, 21-36, 73, 77, 92-93.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Between (the); Intersubjective; Presence; and Transaction\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Durant, Ariel, 69\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Durant, Will, 69\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Existential, existentialism, 4-9, 14, 15, 23, 38, 47, 65-66.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Phenomenology; Philosophy\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Fahy, Ellen T., 91\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Family, 38-45\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Frankl, Viktor E., 6, 102\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Garner, Grayce C. Scott, 88, 89\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Gilbert, Ruth, 65, 96, 109, 110\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 6, 67, 102\n",
"\n",
"{128}\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Heinlein, Robert A., 45\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Here and now, 40, 41, 57, 68, 69, 80, 81\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Hersey, John, 39, 89\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Hesse, Herman, 6, 39, 40, 45, 69\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Humanistic nursing, 3, 5, 14-20, 21, 85, 92-93\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Humanistic nursing practice theory, 3, 6-7, 8, 17-20, 21, 55, 60, 62, 65,\n",
"\n",
" 70, 77-84, 95-112\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Human situation, 11, 18-20, 87, 89\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Husserl, Edmund, 56, 78, 79\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Intersubjective, 13, 15-17, 21-22, 26-27, 31-32, 35-36, 68, 81, 90, 93.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Between, (the); Dialogue; Presence; and Transaction\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Intuition, intuitive, 19, 23, 52, 71-72, 73, 79-82, 96, 109\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"I-It, 27, 36, 44-45, 73, 106-112\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"I-Thou, 6, 27, 36, 44-45, 62, 72, 73, 92, 106-112\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Jung, Carl G., 6, 58, 68\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Kaplan, Abraham, 66\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Kiell, Norman, 43\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Laing, R. D., 17\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Lemkau, Paul V., 54-55\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Man, concept of, 5, 15-16, 18-19, 26, 38-45, 51, 52, 54-56, 67-71\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Marcel, Gabriel, 6, 16, 23, 41\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"May, Rollo, 6\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Meeting, 18, 24-26\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Metanursing, 20\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Metaphor, 54, 61, 84\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Methodology, 65-75, 77-84, 95-112\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Microcosm-macrocosm, 37-38, 40, 48\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"More-being, moreness, 4-6, 12, 16-17, 19, 29, 32, 36, 44-45, 48, 63, 69,\n",
"\n",
" 89, 92\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Muller, Theresa G., 39, 65, 96, 109, 110\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Nietzsche, Frederick, 6, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47, 54, 71, 102, 104, 105\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Nursing, 3, 5, 7, 11-17, 21, 45-48, 57-58, 65, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,\n",
"\n",
" 90-92, 95-112.\n",
"\n",
" _See also_ Humanistic nursing\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Nursology, 65, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Nurture, 13, 18-19, 25\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Objective, _see_ Subjective-objective\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",